Lipid disorders are not restricted to children with high BMIs, but obesity exacerbates these. The emerging lipid disorder risk depends on the ethnic group. Lipid disorders and obesity in childhood are associated with an earlier onset and greater risk of many chronic disorders in adults such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and premature death. Thus, early screening of abnormal lipids levels is crucial for the prevention and intervention of chronic diseases. Mexico ranks as one of the top countries worldwide for childhood obesity, with a mean national prevalence of 34.9% for schoolchildren. Among adults, CVD has been a significant cause of death since 1990, with a mortality rate of 196 deaths per 100,000 that year. The Global Burden of Disease study estimated that from 1990 to 2017, CVD accounted for 22.7% of all deaths in Mexico. The leading CVD risk factors are high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, a high body mass index (BMI), and a high fasting plasma glucose level. Both trends-adult CVD and childhood obesity-make children especially vulnerable to the development of chronic disease and premature death. Genetic, cultural, and lifestyle differences among ethnicities, at least, factor into differences in obesity prevalence and other metabolic diseases in Mexico. However, we scarcely know the prevalence of lipid disorders among children or how they may differ among ethnicities.Īlthough lipid disorders are directly determined by the lipid profile, non-invasive and easy anthropometric measurements are feasible alternatives for assessing abnormal lipid levels in early stages because of the direct relationship with childhood obesity. This is particularly true for remote indigenous groups, where there is greater vulnerability due to a lack of medical services and clinical laboratories. Thus, the aims of this study were to: (a) estimate the prevalence of several lipids’ markers in children from five ethnic groups (three urban and two indigenous) from northern and central Mexico, (b) assess the ability of the BMI and body fat percentage (BFP) to discriminate lipid disorders, and (c) analyze the association of obesity and ethnicity with lipid disorders. This study included Mexican children, aged from 5 to 13 years old, from northern (Sonora State) and central Mexico (Puebla State and Mexico City). Children from central Mexico-Mexico City (CM-Mexico City) came from of the Childhood Obesity Cohort of the Healthy Childhood Project, carried out at the Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, ISSSTE (Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers). Children from northern Mexico (NM) and central Mexico-Puebla (CM-Puebla) were part of the Por tu Salud Project, aiming to elucidate the genetic and environmental risk factors of childhood obesity. All children from the Por tu Salud Project attended seven schools, four in Sonora, Hermosillo (the capital of the state NM-Urban), one in CM-Puebla, and two indigenous schools from Sonora: Seris (NM-Seris) and Yaquis (NM-Yaquis). Indigenous schools are characterized by bilingualism and biculturalism, where at least one indigenous language and culture of a particular Amerindian group is taught. The Secretaría de Educación de Cultura del Estado Sonora (Sonora State Secretary of Education and Culture) and Secretaría de Educación Pública del Estado Puebla (Puebla State Public Secretary of Education) oversaw the participant schools.
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